Andrews plots

For graphical display of higher-dimensional configurations, Andrews plots (Andrews 1972) are offered as an alternative to a series of pseudo-3-dimensional displays. The Andrews Plot takes the successive dimensional co-ordinates of each point and enters them in a Fourier function, this producing a distinctive wave-form. Consequently points which are close in k-dimensional space will have markedly similar waves.

If the data are k-dimensional, each point x = (x₁, . . . , x_k) defines a function

f_x(t) = x₁/sqrt(2)+x₂.sin(t)+x₃.cos(t)+x₄.sin(2t)+x₅.cos(2t)+ . . .

which is plotted over the range -pi < t < +pi.

Points which are close together in Euclidean space are represented by functions which remain close together for all values of t. Outlying values on the other hand lead to a peak in the corresponding function for some t.

Click on Save to save the current display in a file. Alternatively, you may use ALT+PrtScr to save the current display to the Clipboard for inclusion in other documents.

Click on Close to close the display and return to the main NewMDSX window.